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When referring to a specific work or works, place the citation (publication date only) directly after the author of the study referenced. Radnitz (1995) found… / Radnitz (1995) has found… Placement of in-text citations in the sentence (no quotation) Verb tense used in referring to other worksĪPA style requires authors to use past tense or present perfect tense (NOT present tense) when using signal phrases to refer to or discuss previous research (have a look at this article for more details on the correct tenses for different parts of a research paper). If you mention the name of the author of the work in the sentence or earlier in the paragraph, you only need to include the year of publication in the citation.Ĭhen (2014) discusses several relationships revealed in this study. The results of the first enzyme study (Chen et al., 2014) revealed several relationships. When referring to external work or referencing an entire work but not directly quoting the material, you only need to make a reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your citation. Write the author’s last name and publication year for the source in parentheses and separate these pieces of information with a comma. When using APA format, follow the “author-date” method of in-text citation. APA Citation Rules: The Basics Order and structure of in-text citation content
HOW TO INTRODUCE A QUOTE IN APA GENERATOR
Before submitting your manuscript to a journal or publisher, be sure to use our free APA citation generator for your references and in-text citations. This resource provides detailed guidelines for citing sources in your paper and includes examples of in-text citations for reference by research authors.
HOW TO INTRODUCE A QUOTE IN APA MANUAL
For more information, consult the APA Style Manual website.
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The following guidelines and examples are taken from the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition, 2nd printing, which details rules and application of APA style in research papers, including in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and references. In research papers, in-text citations are most commonly used in the Introduction and Discussion Results sections. We are not going into such differences here but will focus on the correct way of referencing other people’s research in your own paper according to one of the most common styles used to cite sources within the social sciences and in several other academic disciplines, that is, APA (American Psychological Association) style. General rules for what information should be provided when citing sources in a research paper vary across fields and depend on the type of source (e.g., books, journal articles, patents, conference proceedings, websites, etc.). This is not only an ethical question, as being “sloppy” with your sources can easily be considered plagiarism (and even self-plagiarism, if you fail to refer to your own work), which can have legal consequences and damage your reputation. The rationale behind citing other people’s publications in your own manuscript is that you want to avoid intellectual dishonesty by giving credit to whoever reported a finding first or invented a specific technique. In addition, every time a work is cited within a paper (in APA style, a parenthetical citation), a corresponding entry must be included in the reference list. When writing a journal article, literature review, convention paper, or any other academic document, authors must include in-text citations whenever they refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source.